Country overview: E-scooter regulations in Europe
For a long time, many countries had no or only vague regulations for the use of e-scooters on public roads. This led to a lot of uncertainty and a certain Wild West approach to this new form of mobility.
As electric scooters have become more prevalent in European cities, especially in the rental sector, individual countries have started to look at the issue more closely. This is partly because the scooters cause problems and debate among the public, whether it be riding them on the pavement or parking them indiscriminately on public roads.
There are now clear rules for electric scooters in almost all countries, some of which are very different. What is permitted in one country may be clearly prohibited in another. This makes it all the more important to know the rules. We take a look at the regulations for e-scooters (Battery-powered, self-balancing vehicles without a seat, with a handlebar and a maximum speed of 25km/h due to the design) in 30 European countries.
We explain what the rules are in different European countries and what you need to know.
Important rules for the use of the electric scooter
The following rules apply throughout Europe and should always be observed:
- Always ride considerately, attentively and carefully.
- Whenever possible, use cycle paths and obey the rules of the road.
- Do not disturb or obstruct pedestrians. Pedestrians always have priority on pavements and in pedestrian areas (if you are allowed to ride your e-scooter there).
- It is forbidden to use a mobile phone while riding.
- Riding in pairs on the e-scooter is prohibited.
- Wear a helmet, even if it is not compulsory.
- Do not ride under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Violations are often severely punished.
You do not need a driving licence to ride an e-scooter. However, in some countries, minors need a bicycle licence.
EU Motor Insurance Directive
Since January 2024, an EU directive has required motor vehicles that are exclusively powered by mechanical means (including e-scooters) to be insured across Europe if:
- the maximum design speed exceeds 25 km/h or
- the maximum net weight exceeds 25 kg and the maximum design speed exceeds 14 km/h
Insurance may also be required by national law for lighter or slower e-scooters. In Germany, for example, only e-scooters up to a maximum speed of 20 km/h are licensed and subject to insurance.
Electronic scooter regulations in EU countries
The use of e-scooters on the road is regulated by the Austrian Road Traffic Regulations (StVO).
Minimum age:
You must be at least 12 years old to ride an e-scooter independently on public transport.
In Austria, however, it is possible to obtain a “bike pass” from the age of 9, which also allows 9 to 12 year olds to ride an e-scooter independently.
Otherwise, children under 12 must be accompanied by a person aged at least 16.
Accompaniment is not required on playgrounds and residential streets.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
The motor power must not exceed 600 watts.
Helmet: Helmets are compulsory for children under 12.
Where is it allowed to ride?
If there is a cycle path or cycle lane, you must use it.
If there are no cycle paths, you can use the road.
It is forbidden to use the pavement.
Pedestrian areas may be signposted for e-scooters. In this case, drive at an appropriate speed.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- white reflectors or reflective sheeting at the front
- red reflectors or reflective sheeting at the rear
- yellow side reflectors
- In darkness or poor visibility, a white front light and a red rear light must be used.
Parking:
It is recommended that the e-scooter be parked in a bicycle parking space.
However, e-scooters can be parked on the pavement if it is at least 2.5 metres wide and pedestrians are not obstructed or property damaged.
Stricter rules apply in Vienna.
Blood alcohol limit: The blood alcohol limit for e-scooters is 0.8 ‰.
Insurance: No liability insurance is required for electric scooters.
In Belgium, the use of electric scooters on the road is regulated by law. The rules also apply to monowheels and Segways.
Minimum age: 16 years
Persons under 16 years of age may only use the scooter on private property and in certain places, e.g. play streets, residential areas or pedestrian areas open to bicycles (walking speed).
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmet: There is no helmet requirement.
However, wearing a helmet is strongly recommended.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- Cycle track
- Road (if there is no cycleway and only on the right-hand side of the road)
In pedestrian areas where bicycles are allowed, you must ride at walking speed.
Pavements cannot be used.
Parking: In many places, special parking zones have been set up for electric scooters.
Otherwise, e-scooters can be parked on the pavement as long as they do not obstruct pedestrians or other road users.
Compulsory equipment:
- White front light
- Brakes
- Side reflectors
- Red reflector and audible warning device (compulsory only for motorised mobility devices with handlebars, i.e. not for monowheels)
Insurance: An e-scooter does not require third party insurance.
Stricter rules for rental e-scooters in Brussels:
The maximum speed of rental e-scooters is limited to 20 km/h. In pedestrian areas and semi-pedestrian areas to 8 km/h.
An e-scooter must not be parked lying down. It is forbidden to park on pavements, cycle paths, in front of zebra crossings and in the entrance and exit areas of public transport stops.
Fines:
- Driving on the sidewalk: 55 euros
- Exceeding the speed limit: 100 euros
- Driving in the dark without lights: 50 euros
- Violation of parking regulations: 50 Euro
The use of e-scooters is regulated by the Bulgarian Road Traffic Act.
Minimum age: 14 years
Young people between the ages of 14 and 16 can only ride on cycle paths, not on the road.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmets are compulsory for those under 18.
What equipment is compulsory?
- Lights
- Reflective clothing must be worn in the dark.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths
- If there is no cycle path, you can cycle on the road (provided the speed limit is 50 km/h). You must ride as far to the right as possible.
It is forbidden to cycle on bus lanes, pavements or in areas where there are signs prohibiting cycling.
Depending on the city, there may be other restrictions on e-scooters in Bulgaria.
Fines:
A fine of 10 BGN (≈ 5.11 EUR) may be imposed if
- Young people do not wear a helmet
- Not wearing reflective clothing at night
A fine of 50 BGN (≈ 26 EUR) may be imposed for, among other things
- Exceeding the speed limit
- Driving in the dark without lights
- Not riding on the cycle path when there is one
Blood alcohol limit: 0.5 ‰
A fine of 20 BGN (≈10.22 EUR) is imposed for each violation.
Insurance: There is no compulsory insurance for private e-scooters in Bulgaria.
From the end of July 2022, the use of e-scooters on the road will be regulated by law.
Minimum age: 14 years
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
The maximum speed may not exceed 25 km/h. The engine power must not exceed 600 watts.
Compulsory helmet: Anyone riding an e-scooter in Croatia must wear a helmet.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On the cycle path
If there is no cycle path
- On roads where the maximum speed is 50 km/h. E-scooters must keep to the right of the road.
- In areas reserved for pedestrians at walking speed (5 km/h).
Other traffic rules:
- Reflective clothing must be worn when visibility is poor.
- Drivers must not wear headphones in both ears
Fines:
- 30 euros for driving without a helmet
- 30 euros for driving with headphones in both ears
- 130 euros for exceeding the speed limit
- 60 euros for driving on expressways, highways or roads intended exclusively for motor vehicles.
Minimum age: 14 years
Maximum speed: 20 km/h
Helmet: Anyone riding an e-scooter must wear a helmet.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths and lanes
- On roads where the maximum speed is 30 km/h.
It is forbidden to ride on pavements, footpaths or squares (unless otherwise indicated by signs). The maximum speed must not exceed 10 km/h.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brake system
- Front and rear lights
- A bell
- Reflective clothing must be worn in the dark.
Blood alcohol limit: 0.5 ‰
Failure to comply with these rules may result in a fine. Driving under the influence of alcohol is punishable by a fine of at least €125.
More information at mcw.gov.cy
Minimum age: 15 years
No age limit for cycling on a cycle path, field or forest road or in a residential area.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
The motor power of the e-scooter must not exceed 250 watts, or 1000 watts for retrofitted electric scooters.
Helmet: It is recommended to wear a helmet.
A helmet is compulsory for under 18s.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths
- If there are no cycle paths, you can use the road in built-up areas.
The pavement cannot be used.
Compulsory equipment:
- White front light and red rear light
- Reflectors
- Bell
Blood alcohol limit: 0.0 ‰.
Insurance: There is no compulsory insurance for e-scooters.
The use of electric scooters is regulated by Danish law.
Minimum age: 15 years
Children and young people under the age of 15 may only ride an electric scooter under adult supervision.
Maximum speed: 20 km/h.
E-scooters with a maximum design speed of more than 20 km/h are not allowed on the roads.
Helmet: In Denmark, you must wear a bicycle helmet when riding an electric scooter.
Where is it allowed to ride?
If there is a cycle lane, you must use it.
You must not ride on pavements, footpaths or pedestrian crossings.
Other traffic rules / compulsory equipment:
- Turning and stopping must be indicated.
- Lights are compulsory both day and night. The front light must be white or amber and the rear light red. The lights must be clearly visible from a distance of at least 300 metres. Reflectors must be fitted to the front, rear and sides.
- The scooter must be CE-approved. It must not weigh more than 25 kg, be no longer than 2 m and no wider than 70 cm.
Fines:
The fine for breaking traffic rules is 1,000 DKK (approx. 134 euros). The fine for not wearing a helmet is 1,500 DKK (approx. 201 euros).
The blood alcohol limit is 0.5 ‰. The fine is 2,000 DKK (approx. 269 euros). The fine is higher for repeat offenders.
Insurance:
There is no compulsory insurance for e-scooters in Denmark.
More information: SikkerTrafik.dk
E-scooters are permitted. Their use is regulated by the Estonian Road Traffic Regulations.
Minimum age:
There is no general minimum age. The following rules apply to children and adolescents:
- Children under the age of 8 are not allowed to ride on roads.
- Children and young people between the ages of 8 and 15 who do not have a licence to ride a bicycle may only ride on the road if there is no pavement or cycle path and under adult supervision.
- Children and young people aged 10 to 15 who have a licence to ride a bicycle may ride unsupervised on roads where there is no pavement or cycle path.
Maximum speed: 25 km/ h
Motor power must not exceed 1000 watts.
Helmet: Helmets are compulsory for persons under 16 years of age. Adults are recommended to wear a helmet.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- on cycle paths and cycle lanes
- on pavements
In urban areas, you can use the road if there are no cycle lanes or footpaths.
Parking: Parking on the pavement is allowed. There must be at least 1.5 metres of space for pedestrians.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Bell
- Front and rear lights
- Reflectors or side lights.
Riding with lights is also recommended during the day.
More information: transpordiamet.ee
Private and rented electric scooters are permitted in Finland. The rules can be found in the Finnish Traffic Regulations.
There is no legal age limit for the use of e-scooters. However, an age limit of 15 years is being discussed.
Anyone wishing to rent an e-scooter must be at least 18 years old.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
The motor power of the e-scooter must not exceed 1000 watts.
Helmets are not compulsory, but recommended.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths or cycle lanes
- If these do not exist, you can ride on the road or on a dirt track.
Riding on pavements is not permitted.
Exception: Children under 12 may ride on pavements at a maximum speed of 15 km/h.
Parking: Parking or stopping for a short time on footpaths and cycle paths is permitted, provided it does not obstruct other road users.
Blood alcohol limit: There is no legal blood alcohol limit for riding an electric scooter. However, driving ability must not be impaired by illness, injury, fatigue or alcohol.
Compulsory equipment:
- Front lights (rear lights are recommended)
- Reflectors (on the rear of the scooter)
- A bell
Insurance: There is no compulsory insurance for e-scooters.
Renting e-scooters in Helsinki:
On weekends, e-scooters are not available between 0-5 am.
During the day, the maximum speed is 20 km/h. On weekdays between 0 and 5 o’clock, the speed is reduced to 15 km/h.
There are parking areas for e-scooters at various locations in Helsinki. If you park your rented e-scooter here, you will receive a discount on the rental fee. However, it is still allowed to park on the pavement or cycle path as long as no one is obstructed.
More about the use of rental e-scooters in Helsinki.
Electric scooters are allowed. You can ride an electric scooter registered in Germany in France.
The following regulations also apply to Segways, monowheels and hoverboards.
Minimum age: 14 years
The maximum speed is 25 km/h.
The e-scooter must be limited to this speed due to its design.
Helmet requirement: There is no general helmet requirement, but it is recommended.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- In urban areas, on cycle paths and cycle lanes.
- If these do not exist, you can ride on the road if the maximum speed there is 50 km/h, or in pedestrian areas at walking speed (6 km/h) if pedestrians are not obstructed.
Outside urban areas, only the “voies vertes” (shared footpaths and cycle lanes) may be used.
Riding on pavements is forbidden. However, towns and cities may allow it. The walking speed (6 km/h) applies.
In exceptional cases, roads with a maximum speed of 80 km/h may be authorised for electric scooters. In this case, helmets are compulsory and minors must be accompanied by an adult.
Parking:
Parking the scooter on the pavement is permitted, provided it does not obstruct pedestrians.
Exception Paris: Parking on pavements is prohibited. You could be fined 49 euros. You may also have to pay for towing.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Bell
- Front and rear lights
- Rear and side reflectors
- Reflective clothing at night and in poor visibility
Side reflectors are not required if the tyres are fitted with them.
Headphones are prohibited while riding.
Blood alcohol limit: 0.5 ‰.
Insurance: You need third party insurance for your e-scooter in France.
Fines:
Missing equipment: 35 euros
Non-compliance with traffic regulations: 135 euros
Grossly negligent and reckless driving: EUR 1,500 + 1 year imprisonment
E-scooter rental in Paris:
Since September 1, 2023, a ban on rental e-scooters on public streets has been in effect in the capital.
Find out more about bike and e-scooter hire in Paris.
In Germany, electric scooters are allowed on the road and are regulated by the regulation for very low-power electric vehicles. It also applies to Segways, but not to monowheels, hoverboards or electric skateboards.
Minimum age: 14 years
Maximum speed: 20 km/h
Electric scooters that can go faster than this are not permitted.
Helmets are not compulsory.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On areas reserved for cyclists (cycle paths, cycle lanes, etc.).
- If there are no cycle lanes, you can use the carriageway and, outside built-up areas, the hard shoulder.
Riding on pavements and in pedestrian areas is prohibited.
What equipment is mandatory?
- White front light and red rear light
- Two independent brakes
- A bell
Parking:
E-scooters can be parked at the side of the road or on the pavement as long as they do not obstruct other traffic.
They can also be parked in pedestrian areas, as long as these are open to e-scooters.
Insurance:
The e-scooter must be covered by insurance. An insurance sticker must be attached to the scooter (valid for 12 months).
In the event of an accident, the third-party insurance will cover damage to third parties.
Insurance can only be obtained if a general operating permit (“Allgemeine Betriebserlaubnis, ABE”) is available.
If the e-scooter is intended for the German market, the ABE should be enclosed with the papers. Pay attention to this when buying the e-scooter. If the vehicle does not have an ABE, it cannot be used in road traffic.
Other:
- Folded e-scooters can be carried free of charge as hand luggage on long-distance trains.
- A growing number of cities in Germany have banned the use of e-scooters on public transport. Background: Risk of explosion and fire
- The blood alcohol limit is 0.5 ‰, but from 0.3 ‰ you risk fines, points and loss of license if you endanger others on the road.
- For drivers under 21 and novice drivers on probation, the limit is 0.0 ‰.
Fines:
- 15 to 30 euros: Driving on an unauthorized area (e.g. sidewalk)
- 20 euros: Driving without required or non-functioning lights
- 40 euros: Driving without insurance plates
- 70 euros: Driving without operating license
- 88.50 to 208.50 euros: Driving through red lights (depending on the danger, damage to property).
The use of e-scooters is regulated by law.
Minimum age: 15 years
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmets are compulsory!
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On the cycle path
- On the road, but only if the speed limit is 50 km/h.
It is not allowed to ride on the pavement. Unless the e-scooter cannot go faster than 6 km/h.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Acoustic signal
In darkness: white front light and red rear light, at least one reflector on each side.
There is currently no legislation in Hungary that clearly defines and regulates the use of electric scooters.
However, a strict law regulating the use of electric scooters on public transport is under discussion and may come into force in 2025.
If you plan to rent an e-scooter, check the rental conditions and local parking regulations.
Minimum age: 13 years
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmet: Wearing a helmet is recommended for all. Young people under 16 must wear a helmet.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths and tracks that are open to cyclists.
- If these are not available, you can ride at a reduced speed on the pavement or footpath. Pedestrians always have priority.
It is forbidden to ride on the road.
Parking:
The scooter can be parked anywhere as long as it does not obstruct other road users.
Other:
The scooter must be fitted with front and rear lights. In addition, front and rear reflectors must be fitted.
Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is prohibited.
Modified electric scooters are not permitted on the road.
There is no compulsory insurance.
E-scooters may be used legally in Ireland from May 20, 2024 (to the legal text).
Minimum age: 16 years
Maximum speed: 20 km/h
The motor power of the e-scooter must not exceed 400 watts
Helmet requirement: No
Where are you allowed to ride?
E-scooters are permitted on bicycle and bus lanes as well as on local, regional and national roads. You must ride on the left.
Riding is prohibited on sidewalks, in pedestrian zones and on highways.
Equipment:
The e-scooter must be equipped with brakes, front and rear lights and reflectors.
Insurance:
There is no compulsory insurance for electric scooters.
Other:
It is forbidden to take e-scooters on public transport.
The general fine for infringements (e.g. exceeding the speed limit) is 50 euros.
In Italy, changes to road safety came into force on 14.12.2024 (LEGGE 25 novembre 2024, n. 177), which also contain new regulations for e-scooters. These concern in particular the compulsory use of helmets and insurance. The ban on riding on cycle paths is also included.
Minimum age: 14 years
Compulsory helmet: Yes
Maximum speed: 20 km/h.
Where are you allowed to ride?
On inner-city roads where the speed limit is 50 km/h
It is forbidden to ride on:
- Pavements
- bicycle lanes
- in pedestrian areas
- Outside built-up areas
Parking:
It is prohibited to park e-scooters on sidewalks except in designated areas. Parking spaces for bicycles, mopeds and motorcycles may be used.
Mandatory equipment:
- Brakes (front and rear)
- Acoustic signal
- Front and rear lights
- Reflectors
- Indicators (yellow flashing direction indicators, rear and front)
- Reflective clothing (in the dark, from half an hour after sunset)
Insurance: Liability insurance with a license plate is mandatory for electric scooters.
Fines:
- Driving a non-compliant e-scooter: 200 to 800 euros
- Riding on footpaths and cycle paths or in pedestrian zones: 50 to 150 euros
- Violation of compulsory insurance or no license plate: 100 to 400 euros
- Failure to wear a helmet: 50 to 250 euros
In Latvia, the use of e-scooters on the road is regulated by law.
Since April 1, 2024, only approved e-scooters with a state registration sticker may be used on the roads.
The maximum design speed must not exceed 25 km/h and the total power of the electric motor must not exceed 1000 watts.
Minimum age: 14 years
If you are under 18, you must have a bicycle licence.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmet: Wearing a helmet is recommended but not compulsory.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths and tracks where bicycles are allowed.
- On pavements. The speed limit is walking speed. Pedestrians have priority.
- On roads where the speed limit is 50 km/h.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- White front light and red rear light
If possible, reflective clothing should be worn.
Blood alcohol limit: 0.5 ‰.
In Lithuania, a law came into force in January 2024 with the following regulations for e-scooters.
Maximum speed: 20 km/h. When overtaking pedestrians: 7 km/h
The maximum speed set by the manufacturer must not exceed 25 km/h and the power must not exceed 1 kW.
Minimum age: 16 years.
Riding an e-scooter is permitted from the age of 14 with special training + school certificate.
Helmet: Young people under the age of 18 must wear a helmet. This also applies to adults riding an e-scooter on the road.
An even stricter helmet law (also for e-scooter rental companies) is under discussion.
Where can you ride?
- On bike paths or bike lanes
- On the road (if there is no bike lane). Vest, lights and helmet are mandatory.
Riding on sidewalks, highways and motorways is prohibited.
Blood alcohol limit: 0.4‰
Compulsory insurance: None
Equipment:
- Working brakes
- Audible warning signal
- White front light and red rear light
- Orange reflectors on both sides
When it is dark and visibility is poor, a safety vest must be worn and the lights switched on. This also applies to daytime riding.
Since January 2021, regulations for electric scooters have been included in the Luxembourg Road Traffic Act.
Age restrictions:
Children aged 10 and over may ride on cycle paths and roads.
Children up to the age of 13 may ride on pavements and in pedestrian areas. The speed limit is walking speed. Pedestrians have priority.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h.
The maximum motor power is 250 watts. The maximum length of the e-scooter is 1.50 metres.
Helmets: Wearing a helmet is not compulsory, but highly recommended.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Audible warning signal
- White front light.
- Red non-flashing rear light. Can also be attached to clothing or rucksack.
The lights must be switched on during the day and at night.
Insurance: Liability insurance or a licence is not compulsory.
Mor Information: transports.public.lu
It is not allowed to drive an electric scooter registered in Germany in Malta.
Electric scooters must be approved by the Malta Transport Authority.
The e-scooter must be brought to the authority for individual technical approval. Certain documents are required, including an application form and liability insurance.
An administrative fee of €10 is charged for the approval.
You must be at least 16 years old to drive an electric scooter.
You will also need to pass a theory test to prove that you have a certain level of knowledge of road traffic regulations. Alternatively, a class AM driving licence is sufficient.
The maximum speed is 20 km/h.
Certain roads are prohibited for electric scooters.
More information on transport.gov.mt.
At the end of 2023, the Maltese Ministry of Transport announced its intention to completely phase out e-scooters for hire from March 2024, although private e-scooters will still be allowed.
You are not allowed to drive an electric scooter registered in Germany in the Netherlands.
Before electric scooters can be used on public roads, they need a national type approval from the RDW. Strict requirements have to be met. Applications can only be submitted by manufacturers.
Most electric scooters are not registered and are not allowed on public roads.
More information can be found at rdw.nl.
The following rules apply to approved e-scooters:
Minimum age: 16 years
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmet: There is no helmet requirement
Where is it allowed to ride?
- Cycle path
- Moped path
If there is no cycle or moped path, you may use the road. It is forbidden to use the pavement.
Compulsory equipment:
- Handlebar
- Vehicle identification number (VIN)
- Lighting
- red and white/yellow reflectors
Insurance: Third-party insurance is compulsory. The insurer’s sticker must be affixed to the e-scooter.
There is no need to apply for a number plate.
More information about the rules can be found at rijksoverheid.nl
Rental:
In the Netherlands it is currently not possible to rent an e-scooter.
However, mopeds and e-bikes are available. Providers include:
Read more about bike and e-bike hire in Amsterdam here.
The use of e-scooters will be newly regulated in Norway from mid-2022.
Minimum age: 12 years
The minimum age for renting an e-scooter may be higher, e.g. 16 or 18 years.
Maximum speed: 20 km/h
Helmet: Helmets are compulsory for children and young people under the age of 15.
Where is it allowed to ride?
In principle, you can ride anywhere in Norway as long as you ride in the direction of traffic and follow the signs.
E-scooters are only banned on motorways and roads with bicycle prohibition signs.
Riding on pavements and in pedestrian areas is also allowed. The speed must be reduced. Reason: The Norwegian government fears that riding on the road could lead to more accidents with higher risks.
Parking:
The scooter can be parked on footpaths, cycle paths, pavements or in a pedestrian area. It must not obstruct pedestrians or cyclists.
Blood alcohol limit: 0.2 ‰.
Penalties:
If you break the alcohol limit in Norway, you can expect a very high fine, the loss of your driving licence and possibly a prison sentence.
For example, a fine of NOK 7450 can be imposed for making a phone call on an e-scooter.
Parking in the wrong place costs NOK 900.
Insurance: Since 2023, liability insurance has also been mandatory for private electric scooters.
Good to know:
In Oslo, it is prohibited to rent an e-scooter between 23:00 and 5:00.
For more details see: Statens vegvesen
The use of e-scooters is regulated by the Polish Road Traffic Act.
Minimum age: 10 years
Between the ages of 10 and 18, a bicycle driving licence or a category AM, A1, B1 or T driving licence is required.
From the age of 18, no driving licence is required.
Maximum speed: 20 km/h
Helmet: Helmets are not compulsory. However, a helmet is recommended.
Where is it allowed to ride?
Cycle lanes and cycle paths must be used.
Only if there are none you can use the road, provided the maximum speed there is not more than 30 km/h.
If you are allowed to go faster on the road and there is no cycle lane, you can use the pavement as an exception. You must slow down (4-6 km/h) and give priority to pedestrians.
For more information, see isap.sejm.gov.pl.
Parking:
If there are no special parking bays for electric scooters, they can be parked on the pavement. The scooter must be parked as far away from the carriageway as possible and parallel to the outer edge of the carriageway. A pavement of at least 1.5 metres must be kept clear.
Compulsory equipment:
- At least one brake
- Front and rear lights
- An audible warning signal
- At least two reflectors
- A side stand
Blood alcohol limit: 0.2 ‰
Insurance: There is no compulsory insurance for e-scooters.
Fines:
- Fine from 0.2 ‰ = 1000 PLN (approx. 210 Euro).
Fine from 0.5 ‰ = 2500 PLN (approx. 522 Euro) - Driving too fast on the pavement: 300 PLN (≈ 63 Euro)
- Riding with two people on an e-scooter: PLN 200 (≈ 42 Euro)
- Failure to use the cycle lane, if there is one: 100 PLN (≈ 21 euros).
More information on Polish regulations on gov.pl
The use of e-scooters is regulated by the Portuguese Road Traffic Regulations.
Minimum age: There is no legal minimum age.
However, you must be at least 18 years old to rent an e-scooter. You must also carry an identity card.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Rental e-scooters in Lisbon have a maximum speed of 20 km/h.
Helmet: Helmets are not compulsory. However, wearing a helmet is recommended.
Where is it allowed to ride?
Cycle lanes and paths must be used. If these are not available, you can use the roads in the city centre.
Riding on pavements, public squares and pedestrian areas is prohibited.
Parking:
In Lisbon, the e-scooter cannot be parked in the following places:
- public places
- pavements
- railway and metro stations
- in front of historical buildings
In the capital, special parking areas have been created for e-scooters.
Other:
- Compulsory equipment includes front and rear lights and reflectors (in the dark).
- Riding with headphones or using a mobile phone is prohibited.
- The blood alcohol limit is 0.5 ‰. Violators can be fined between 250 and 2500 euros. From 1.2 ‰, there is a risk of imprisonment.
- There is no compulsory insurance for e-scooters.
Minimum age: 14 years
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Maximum allowed motor power: 500 watts
Helmet: Helmets are compulsory for Children under 16.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths if available.
- Otherwise you can ride on the road, provided the speed limit is 50 km/h. If you ride in a group, you must ride behind each other. You must carry an identity card when riding on the road. Overtaking is forbidden.
Forbidden:
- Riding on the pavement
- Riding in parks, on cobblestones
- Riding under the influence of alcohol or drugs
- Riding with headphones
- Do not use the scooter when the road is covered with ice or snow.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Audible warning system
- Visible lighting and reflectors are mandatory at night and in poor weather conditions.
Parking:
Parking is allowed on the pavement as long as it does not obstruct pedestrian traffic.
It is forbidden to park the e-scooter on the road or on cycle paths.
Minimum age: Electric scooters may be used on the road by persons aged 15 and over.
Persons under the age of 15 may ride on cycle paths, residential roads and forest tracks.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
Helmet: Wearing a helmet is not mandatory but recommended.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- on cycle paths
- on the right-hand side of the road
- on pavements, at walking speed and where pedestrian traffic is not obstructed.
Equipment:
- At least one brake
- Acoustic signal
- White front light and red rear light
- Front (white) and rear (red) reflectors. Can be replaced with reflective elements on the rider’s clothing.
Important: The lights must be visible at night for a distance of at least 150 meters under normal weather conditions.
Blood alcohol limit: 0.5 ‰.(in town on cycle paths, otherwise alcohol is prohibited)
Insurance: No insurance required.
Fines range from 50 to 5,000 euros.
Minimum age: 14 years
Children between the ages of 12 and 14 with a cycling licence can also ride e-scooters on the road.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
The e-scooter must not be wider than 80 cm. The motor power must not exceed 250 watts.
Helmet: Helmets are compulsory for under 18s.
Where is it allowed to ride?
- On cycle paths
- In urban areas, if there are no bike lanes, you can use the road, where the speed limit is 50 km/h. Keep to the right.
- In pedestrian areas, you can ride at walking speed.
Riding on the pavement and roads outside built-up areas is prohibited.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- A white front light and a red rear light must be lit at night and when visibility is reduced.
- Reflectors on the rear (red) and sides (yellow/orange).
Fines:
- Riding on the pavement: €40
- Riding with headphones or using a mobile phone: 120 €.
The Spanish Transport Authority (DGT) has created a legal framework for e-scooters. The regulations also apply to segways, monowheels and hoverboards.
Important: The law is designed to allow cities and towns to make their own regulations.
Minimum age:
The DGT recommends a minimum age of 16.
In Madrid, for example, riding an e-scooter is permitted from the age of 15.
Renting an e-scooter is usually only possible from the age of 18.
Maximum speed: 25 km/h
The speed limit may vary from city to city. In Seville, for example, the speed limit on cycle paths is 15 km/h.
Helmet:
Different regulations apply in different cities.
Since February 2025, for example, helmets have been mandatory for all e-scooter users in Barcelona.
Follow local regulations.
You are not allowed to ride
- on pavements and pedestrian areas, at crossroads, on motorways, expressways, trunk roads and in city tunnels.
Cities can deviate from this general rule and set their own rules.
Parking: Please note the local regulations.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Bell
- Front and rear lights
- Reflectors
Reflective clothing is compulsory at night and in poor visibility.
Insurance: There is currently no compulsory insurance for e-scooters in Spain.
However, cities can enact their own regulations.
Blood alcohol limit:
- 0,5 ‰
- 0,3 ‰ for new drivers
- 0.0 ‰ for under 18s
Fines:
Anyone caught driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs will be fined between €500 and €1000. In addition, the e-scooter will be confiscated.
A fine of up to €200 can be imposed for
- Using a mobile phone while driving
- Wearing headphones
- Riding without lights at night
- Riding on the pavement
- Not wearing a helmet (although this is compulsory in the city)
The e-scooter is classified as a bicycle, provided the maximum speed and engine power are not exceeded.
Minimum age: There is no legal age limit.
You must be at least 18 years old to rent an e-scooter.
Maximum speed: 20 km/h
Motor power must not exceed 250 watts.
Helmet: Helmets are compulsory for people under the age of 15. Otherwise, a helmet is recommended for everyone.
Compulsory equipment:
- Brakes
- Bell
- In the dark: Front and rear lights and reflectors
Where is it allowed to ride?
- If there is a cycle path, you should use it.
- But you can also ride on the road. Provided you are 15 years old and the speed limit on the road is 50 km/h. E-scooters must be ridden on the right-hand side of the road.
Riding on the pavement is prohibited.
Parking:
Parking the e-scooter on footpaths and cycle paths is prohibited. Unless there is a bicycle stand or a device for parking.
The parked e-scooter must not disturb other road users.
Insurance:
Since December 2023, motor vehicle liability insurance must be required for e-scooters if:
- the maximum design speed exceeds 20 km/h
- or if the electric vehicle is designed for a maximum speed of more than 14 km/h and weighs more than 25 kg.
The insurance certificate must always be carried with you when riding the e-scooter.
More Information: Elsparkcykel – Transportstyrelsen
You are not allowed to ride an e-scooter registered in Germany on public roads in the UK.
Currently, e-scooters are not permitted on public roads in the UK.
Background: E-scooters do not comply with the UK Road Traffic Act.
Therefore, electric scooters can only be used on private land.
However, the UK government is planning to allow e-scooters on public roads.
Trials with e-scooter rental companies are currently underway in several cities.
E-scooter hire
You can hire e-scooters in some cities. You can ride them on roads (except motorways) and cycle paths. Footpaths are not permitted. You must have a driving licence to hire an e-scooter (a class AM moped licence is sufficient).
To hire an electric scooter in London, you must first complete an safety course.
More information on gov.uk and tfl.gov.uk
The information was compiled in cooperation with our colleagues from the European Consumer Centres Network. We make no claim to completeness.
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Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Innovation Council and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Executive Agency (EISMEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
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